Characters of representations for molecular motions
Motion |
E |
2C6 |
2C3 |
C2 |
3C'2 |
3C''2 |
i |
2S3 |
2S6 |
σh |
3σd |
3σv |
Cartesian 3N |
108 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
36 |
0 |
4 |
Translation (x,y,z) |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-3 |
-2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Rotation (Rx,Ry,Rz) |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
Vibration |
102 |
-4 |
0 |
2 |
-2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
36 |
0 |
4 |
Decomposition to irreducible representations
Motion |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
Total |
Cartesian 3N |
6 |
6 |
2 |
4 |
6 |
12 |
2 |
4 |
6 |
6 |
12 |
6 |
72 |
Translation (x,y,z) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
Rotation (Rx,Ry,Rz) |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Vibration |
6 |
5 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
12 |
2 |
3 |
6 |
6 |
11 |
6 |
68 |
Molecular parameter
Number of Atoms (N) |
36
|
Number of internal coordinates |
102
|
Number of independant internal coordinates |
6
|
Number of vibrational modes |
68
|
Force field analysis
Allowed / forbidden vibronational transitions
Operator |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
Total |
Linear (IR) |
6 |
5 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
12 |
2 |
3 |
6 |
6 |
11 |
6 |
14 / 54 |
Quadratic (Raman) |
6 |
5 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
12 |
2 |
3 |
6 |
6 |
11 |
6 |
23 / 45 |
IR + Raman |
- - - - |
5 |
2 |
4 |
- - - - |
- - - - |
2 |
- - - - |
6 |
6 |
- - - - |
6 |
0* / 31 |
* Parity Mutual Exclusion Principle
Characters of force fields
(Symmetric powers of vibration representation)
Force field |
E |
2C6 |
2C3 |
C2 |
3C'2 |
3C''2 |
i |
2S3 |
2S6 |
σh |
3σd |
3σv |
linear |
102 |
-4 |
0 |
2 |
-2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
36 |
0 |
4 |
quadratic |
5.253 |
8 |
0 |
53 |
53 |
53 |
51 |
0 |
0 |
699 |
51 |
59 |
cubic |
182.104 |
-10 |
34 |
104 |
-104 |
104 |
0 |
12 |
0 |
9.624 |
0 |
216 |
quartic |
4.780.230 |
8 |
0 |
1.430 |
1.430 |
1.430 |
1.326 |
0 |
0 |
104.790 |
1.326 |
1.750 |
quintic |
101.340.876 |
-4 |
0 |
2.756 |
-2.756 |
2.756 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
956.592 |
0 |
5.936 |
sextic |
1.807.245.622 |
19 |
595 |
26.182 |
26.182 |
26.182 |
23.426 |
89 |
17 |
7.590.842 |
23.426 |
34.874 |
Decomposition to irreducible representations
Column with number of nonvanshing force constants highlighted
Force field |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
linear |
6 |
5 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
12 |
2 |
3 |
6 |
6 |
11 |
6 |
quadratic |
280 |
226 |
188 |
190 |
380 |
504 |
190 |
191 |
244 |
242 |
488 |
379 |
cubic |
8.023 |
7.969 |
7.132 |
7.238 |
14.362 |
15.983 |
7.165 |
7.219 |
7.990 |
7.988 |
15.964 |
14.381 |
quartic |
204.400 |
202.916 |
194.752 |
194.858 |
389.612 |
407.314 |
194.788 |
194.842 |
203.480 |
203.374 |
406.856 |
389.628 |
quintic |
4.263.251 |
4.261.767 |
4.181.133 |
4.183.995 |
8.365.127 |
8.525.019 |
4.182.051 |
4.183.535 |
4.262.333 |
4.262.227 |
8.524.559 |
8.365.587 |
sextic |
75.634.146 |
75.606.480 |
74.984.112 |
74.986.974 |
149.970.960 |
151.240.446 |
74.985.031 |
74.986.515 |
75.617.604 |
75.614.742 |
151.232.184 |
149.971.419 |
Further Reading
- J.K.G. Watson, J. Mol. Spec. 41 229 (1972)
The Numbers of Structural Parameters and Potential Constants of Molecules
- X.F. Zhou, P. Pulay. J. Comp. Chem. 10 No. 7, 935-938 (1989)
Characters for Symmetric and Antisymmetric Higher Powers of Representations:
Application to the Number of Anharmonic Force Constants in Symmetrical Molecules
- F. Varga, L. Nemes, J.K.G. Watson. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 10 No. 7, 5043-5048 (1996)
The number of anharmonic potential constants of the fullerenes C60 and C70
Contributions to nonvanishing force field constants
pos(X) : Position of irreducible representation (irrep) X in character table of D
6h
Subtotal: <Number of nonvanishing force constants in subsection> / <number of nonzero irrep combinations in subsection> / <number of irrep combinations in subsection>
Total: <Number of nonvanishing force constants in force field> / <number of nonzero irrep combinations in force field> / <number of irrep combinations in force field>
Contributions to nonvanishing quadratic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..21. |
A1gA1g. | ..15. |
A2gA2g. | ..3. |
B1gB1g. | ..10. |
B2gB2g. | ..15. |
E1gE1g. | ..78. |
E2gE2g. | ..3. |
A1uA1u. | ..6. |
A2uA2u. | ..21. |
B1uB1u. | ..21. |
B2uB2u. |
..66. |
E1uE1u. | ..21. |
E2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 280 / 12 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
Subtotal: 0 / 0 / 66 |
Total: 280 / 12 / 78 |
Contributions to nonvanishing cubic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..56. |
A1gA1gA1g. | ..364. |
E2gE2gE2g. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 420 / 2 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j) (i,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..180. |
E1gE1gE2g. | ..90. |
A1gA2gA2g. | ..18. |
A1gB1gB1g. | ..60. |
A1gB2gB2g. | ..90. |
A1gE1gE1g. | ..468. |
A1gE2gE2g. | ..18. |
A1gA1uA1u. | ..36. |
A1gA2uA2u. | ..126. |
A1gB1uB1u. | ..126. |
A1gB2uB2u. |
..396. |
A1gE1uE1u. | ..126. |
A1gE2uE2u. | ..50. |
A2gE1gE1g. | ..330. |
A2gE2gE2g. | ..275. |
A2gE1uE1u. | ..75. |
A2gE2uE2u. | ..792. |
E2gE1uE1u. | ..252. |
E2gE2uE2u. | | |
| |
Subtotal: 3.508 / 18 / 132 |
Irrep combinations (i,j,k) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ pos(E2u) |
..40. |
A2gB1gB2g. | ..30. |
A2gA1uA2u. | ..180. |
A2gB1uB2u. | ..120. |
B1gE1gE2g. | ..24. |
B1gA1uB1u. | ..36. |
B1gA2uB2u. | ..132. |
B1gE1uE2u. | ..240. |
B2gE1gE2g. | ..48. |
B2gA1uB2u. | ..72. |
B2gA2uB1u. |
..264. |
B2gE1uE2u. | ..110. |
E1gA1uE1u. | ..165. |
E1gA2uE1u. | ..180. |
E1gB1uE2u. | ..180. |
E1gB2uE2u. | ..330. |
E1gE1uE2u. | ..144. |
E2gA1uE2u. | ..216. |
E2gA2uE2u. | ..792. |
E2gB1uE1u. | ..792. |
E2gB2uE1u. |
Subtotal: 4.095 / 20 / 220 |
Total: 8.023 / 40 / 364 |
Contributions to nonvanishing quartic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i,i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..126. |
A1gA1gA1gA1g. | ..70. |
A2gA2gA2gA2g. | ..5. |
B1gB1gB1gB1g. | ..35. |
B2gB2gB2gB2g. | ..120. |
E1gE1gE1gE1g. | ..3.081. |
E2gE2gE2gE2g. | ..5. |
A1uA1uA1uA1u. | ..15. |
A2uA2uA2uA2u. | ..126. |
B1uB1uB1uB1u. | ..126. |
B2uB2uB2uB2u. |
..2.211. |
E1uE1uE1uE1u. | ..231. |
E2uE2uE2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 6.151 / 12 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,i,j) (i,j,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..2.184. |
A1gE2gE2gE2g. | ..1.820. |
A2gE2gE2gE2g. | ..70. |
B1gE1gE1gE1g. | ..140. |
B2gE1gE1gE1g. | ..112. |
A1uE2uE2uE2u. | ..168. |
A2uE2uE2uE2u. | ..1.716. |
B1uE1uE1uE1u. | ..1.716. |
B2uE1uE1uE1u. | | |
| |
Subtotal: 7.926 / 8 / 132 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..315. |
A1gA1gA2gA2g. | ..63. |
A1gA1gB1gB1g. | ..210. |
A1gA1gB2gB2g. | ..315. |
A1gA1gE1gE1g. | ..1.638. |
A1gA1gE2gE2g. | ..63. |
A1gA1gA1uA1u. | ..126. |
A1gA1gA2uA2u. | ..441. |
A1gA1gB1uB1u. | ..441. |
A1gA1gB2uB2u. | ..1.386. |
A1gA1gE1uE1u. |
..441. |
A1gA1gE2uE2u. | ..45. |
A2gA2gB1gB1g. | ..150. |
A2gA2gB2gB2g. | ..225. |
A2gA2gE1gE1g. | ..1.170. |
A2gA2gE2gE2g. | ..45. |
A2gA2gA1uA1u. | ..90. |
A2gA2gA2uA2u. | ..315. |
A2gA2gB1uB1u. | ..315. |
A2gA2gB2uB2u. | ..990. |
A2gA2gE1uE1u. |
..315. |
A2gA2gE2uE2u. | ..30. |
B1gB1gB2gB2g. | ..45. |
B1gB1gE1gE1g. | ..234. |
B1gB1gE2gE2g. | ..9. |
B1gB1gA1uA1u. | ..18. |
B1gB1gA2uA2u. | ..63. |
B1gB1gB1uB1u. | ..63. |
B1gB1gB2uB2u. | ..198. |
B1gB1gE1uE1u. | ..63. |
B1gB1gE2uE2u. |
..150. |
B2gB2gE1gE1g. | ..780. |
B2gB2gE2gE2g. | ..30. |
B2gB2gA1uA1u. | ..60. |
B2gB2gA2uA2u. | ..210. |
B2gB2gB1uB1u. | ..210. |
B2gB2gB2uB2u. | ..660. |
B2gB2gE1uE1u. | ..210. |
B2gB2gE2uE2u. | ..3.000. |
E1gE1gE2gE2g. | ..45. |
E1gE1gA1uA1u. |
..90. |
E1gE1gA2uA2u. | ..315. |
E1gE1gB1uB1u. | ..315. |
E1gE1gB2uB2u. | ..2.530. |
E1gE1gE1uE1u. | ..780. |
E1gE1gE2uE2u. | ..234. |
E2gE2gA1uA1u. | ..468. |
E2gE2gA2uA2u. | ..1.638. |
E2gE2gB1uB1u. | ..1.638. |
E2gE2gB2uB2u. | ..13.926. |
E2gE2gE1uE1u. |
..4.266. |
E2gE2gE2uE2u. | ..18. |
A1uA1uA2uA2u. | ..63. |
A1uA1uB1uB1u. | ..63. |
A1uA1uB2uB2u. | ..198. |
A1uA1uE1uE1u. | ..63. |
A1uA1uE2uE2u. | ..126. |
A2uA2uB1uB1u. | ..126. |
A2uA2uB2uB2u. | ..396. |
A2uA2uE1uE1u. | ..126. |
A2uA2uE2uE2u. |
..441. |
B1uB1uB2uB2u. | ..1.386. |
B1uB1uE1uE1u. | ..441. |
B1uB1uE2uE2u. | ..1.386. |
B2uB2uE1uE1u. | ..441. |
B2uB2uE2uE2u. | ..3.597. |
E1uE1uE2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 50.248 / 66 / 66 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j,k) (i,j,j,k) (i,j,k,k) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ pos(E2u) |
..60. |
E1gE1gA1uA2u. | ..180. |
E1gE1gA1uE2u. | ..270. |
E1gE1gA2uE2u. | ..360. |
E1gE1gB1uB2u. | ..990. |
E1gE1gB1uE1u. | ..990. |
E1gE1gB2uE1u. | ..396. |
E2gE2gA1uA2u. | ..936. |
E2gE2gA1uE2u. | ..1.404. |
E2gE2gA2uE2u. | ..2.376. |
E2gE2gB1uB2u. |
..5.148. |
E2gE2gB1uE1u. | ..5.148. |
E2gE2gB2uE1u. | ..1.080. |
A1gE1gE1gE2g. | ..900. |
A2gE1gE1gE2g. | ..792. |
A1uE1uE1uE2u. | ..1.188. |
A2uE1uE1uE2u. | ..300. |
A1gA2gE1gE1g. | ..1.980. |
A1gA2gE2gE2g. | ..1.650. |
A1gA2gE1uE1u. | ..450. |
A1gA2gE2uE2u. |
..4.752. |
A1gE2gE1uE1u. | ..1.512. |
A1gE2gE2uE2u. | ..3.960. |
A2gE2gE1uE1u. | ..1.260. |
A2gE2gE2uE2u. | ..80. |
B1gB2gE1gE1g. | ..528. |
B1gB2gE2gE2g. | ..440. |
B1gB2gE1uE1u. | ..120. |
B1gB2gE2uE2u. | ..780. |
B1gE1gE2gE2g. | ..660. |
B1gE1gE1uE1u. |
..210. |
B1gE1gE2uE2u. | ..1.560. |
B2gE1gE2gE2g. | ..1.320. |
B2gE1gE1uE1u. | ..420. |
B2gE1gE2uE2u. | ..330. |
A1uA2uE1uE1u. | ..90. |
A1uA2uE2uE2u. | ..1.980. |
B1uB2uE1uE1u. | ..540. |
B1uB2uE2uE2u. | ..1.386. |
B1uE1uE2uE2u. | ..1.386. |
B2uE1uE2uE2u. |
Subtotal: 49.912 / 40 / 660 |
Irrep combinations (i,j,k,l) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ l ≤ pos(E2u) |
..240. |
A1gA2gB1gB2g. | ..180. |
A1gA2gA1uA2u. | ..1.080. |
A1gA2gB1uB2u. | ..720. |
A1gB1gE1gE2g. | ..144. |
A1gB1gA1uB1u. | ..216. |
A1gB1gA2uB2u. | ..792. |
A1gB1gE1uE2u. | ..1.440. |
A1gB2gE1gE2g. | ..288. |
A1gB2gA1uB2u. | ..432. |
A1gB2gA2uB1u. |
..1.584. |
A1gB2gE1uE2u. | ..660. |
A1gE1gA1uE1u. | ..990. |
A1gE1gA2uE1u. | ..1.080. |
A1gE1gB1uE2u. | ..1.080. |
A1gE1gB2uE2u. | ..1.980. |
A1gE1gE1uE2u. | ..864. |
A1gE2gA1uE2u. | ..1.296. |
A1gE2gA2uE2u. | ..4.752. |
A1gE2gB1uE1u. | ..4.752. |
A1gE2gB2uE1u. |
..600. |
A2gB1gE1gE2g. | ..120. |
A2gB1gA1uB2u. | ..180. |
A2gB1gA2uB1u. | ..660. |
A2gB1gE1uE2u. | ..1.200. |
A2gB2gE1gE2g. | ..240. |
A2gB2gA1uB1u. | ..360. |
A2gB2gA2uB2u. | ..1.320. |
A2gB2gE1uE2u. | ..550. |
A2gE1gA1uE1u. | ..825. |
A2gE1gA2uE1u. |
..900. |
A2gE1gB1uE2u. | ..900. |
A2gE1gB2uE2u. | ..1.650. |
A2gE1gE1uE2u. | ..720. |
A2gE2gA1uE2u. | ..1.080. |
A2gE2gA2uE2u. | ..3.960. |
A2gE2gB1uE1u. | ..3.960. |
A2gE2gB2uE1u. | ..48. |
B1gB2gA1uA2u. | ..288. |
B1gB2gB1uB2u. | ..120. |
B1gE1gA1uE2u. |
..180. |
B1gE1gA2uE2u. | ..660. |
B1gE1gB1uE1u. | ..660. |
B1gE1gB2uE1u. | ..528. |
B1gE2gA1uE1u. | ..792. |
B1gE2gA2uE1u. | ..864. |
B1gE2gB1uE2u. | ..864. |
B1gE2gB2uE2u. | ..1.584. |
B1gE2gE1uE2u. | ..240. |
B2gE1gA1uE2u. | ..360. |
B2gE1gA2uE2u. |
..1.320. |
B2gE1gB1uE1u. | ..1.320. |
B2gE1gB2uE1u. | ..1.056. |
B2gE2gA1uE1u. | ..1.584. |
B2gE2gA2uE1u. | ..1.728. |
B2gE2gB1uE2u. | ..1.728. |
B2gE2gB2uE2u. | ..3.168. |
B2gE2gE1uE2u. | ..720. |
E1gE2gA1uB1u. | ..720. |
E1gE2gA1uB2u. | ..1.320. |
E1gE2gA1uE1u. |
..1.080. |
E1gE2gA2uB1u. | ..1.080. |
E1gE2gA2uB2u. | ..1.980. |
E1gE2gA2uE1u. | ..2.160. |
E1gE2gB1uE2u. | ..2.160. |
E1gE2gB2uE2u. | ..11.880. |
E1gE2gE1uE2u. | ..216. |
A1uA2uB1uB2u. | ..792. |
A1uB1uE1uE2u. | ..792. |
A1uB2uE1uE2u. | ..1.188. |
A2uB1uE1uE2u. |
..1.188. |
A2uB2uE1uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 90.163 / 71 / 495 |
Total: 204.400 / 197 / 1.365 |
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